20 Sunday in the Ordinary Time, 20 August 2023

 

Great Is Your Faith! Be It Done for You as You Desire

 Introduction: May you continue to grow in your understanding of the all-encompassing love of our GOD Who has saved and redeemed all people through the life, ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus!


GOD’s love is universal and unconditional. Nothing can stop GOD from loving each and every person. The proof of this is that Jesus came among us so that all could have life and life to the full. The sad part of the experience is that some people reject GOD’s love and refuse to live the life which is offered to them. GOD continues to offer a reconciling hand to those who have turned away. Yet GOD will not and cannot force people to love. We, as believers in the One True GOD, are commissioned to model and share the love for others that we have experienced from our GOD. In that way, others might open themselves to the GOD Who loves. We, as disciples of the Lord Jesus, are called to go out to all the world, to all peoples, and to share the Good News of GOD’s love.


The universality of GOD’s love runs through the readings today. Breaking from the traditional thought of earlier prophets, Isaiah’s words today have GOD speaking about salvation reaching out beyond the “Chosen People” to “the foreigners who join themselves to the LORD.” The response for today’s psalm echoes the theme in the words, “O GOD, let all the nations praise You!” St. Paul reminds the Gentiles that they are beneficiaries of the truth passed down from the Jewish people, and he hopes that the Gentiles will somehow enable the Jewish people to accept the full truth that comes from Jesus. The Gospel relates the account of the Canaanite woman seeking healing for her daughter. After challenging her, Jesus grants her request because of her faith.

 

First Reading: Isaiah 56:1,6-7·
I will bring foreigners to my holy mountain

Commentary: One of the great results of the disastrous Sack of Jerusalem by the Babylonians and the exile of the Jews in Babylon was the growing realization that Israel had been chosen to bring God’s healing not only to her own people but to the peoples of the world. I shall lead them all to my holy mountain, promises the LORD. In the gospel we will see this put into action when Jesus is maneuvered into healing the Canaanite woman’s daughter, beyond the bounds of Israel. What does this mean for us today? Our God is concerned for the salvation of all peoples, and it is for us to bring the values of Christianity to all nations. But our God is truly God of all nations, and we have no right to force our own appreciation of God’s ways of acting onto other civilizations who understand in their own way what we express by the Lordship of God, the salvation won by Christ’s loving obedience, and spread by the Spirit of Christ. To fail to appreciate the other great religions of the world is an act not of homage to the Christian God but of failure to appreciate the divine omniscience and omnipotence.

 

Responsorial Psalm 67:2-3,5-6,8
Let the peoples praise you, O God; let all the peoples praise you.

Our Responsorial today reiterates the theme of all nations rejoicing in the salvation by GOD. It portrays a time when all people will live in harmony and equality because GOD is reigning over all. The psalmist begins by asking for God's graciousness, blessing, and the radiance of His presence to shine upon them. The purpose of this blessing is not just personal but extends to a larger mission: the revelation of God's ways and salvation to all nations.

 

Psalm 67 is a prayer that captures the desire for God's blessings not just for personal benefit but with the intention of being a source of testimony and revelation to the entire world. The psalmist's vision extends beyond the borders of Israel, envisioning a global recognition of God's ways and salvation, culminating in praise from all peoples.

 

Second Reading: Romans 11:13-15,29-32
With Israel, God never takes back his gifts or revokes his choice

Commentary: Paul is here really meditating on, and distraught by, the failure of most of the Jews to respond to the salvation promised to them in Christ. It is indeed a devastating puzzle that God should have prepared his people for the completion of his Kingdom in Christ and that, despite all this, they did not respond. But were the Jews especially unresponsive, especially rebellious? Or are they just typical of us all? One of the reasons why the New Testament makes such a meal of the failure of the Jews to respond is surely as a warning to ourselves. We have been chosen. We have been buried into Christ’s death and now live with Christ’s life, and yet our response is pretty lukewarm and spasmodic. To use Paul’s dramatic image of the olive-tree of Israel, if the true branches can be cut off to make room for the gentiles to be grafted in, then surely the grafted branches can fail to take on the life of the vine. However, such is Paul’s conviction of the power of Christ and the victorious Lordship of Christ that he never even mentions hell or eternal punishment. He does not seem to envisage that anyone could escape the saving power of Christ.

 

Gospel: Matthew 15:21-28
The Canaanite woman debates with Jesus and saves her daughter

Commentary: This is an especially significant scene in two ways. In Mark this scene is the only explicit encounter between Jesus and a gentile – and a woman at that! At first Jesus is reluctant to do anything for her, for his mission was primarily to Israel. He puts her off and is really quite brusque to her. However, she wins through by her persistence and her determined confidence in his powers: the disciples get fed up with her shrieking after them, and ask Jesus to cure her daughter, which he does. We need to be persistent in our prayers and in our efforts. God does not grant a casual request. Secondly, it shows a lot about Jesus’ relationship to women and about his sense of humour: they seem to tease each other with their repartee, just as he does with the Samaritan woman in John, chapter 4.

 

In Matthew’s account the woman is far more reverent to Jesus. She calls him ‘Lord’ three times and ‘son of David’ (an important title for Matthew, the Christian Jew). She worships him, twice asking him to have pity on her (the formula used at Mass, ‘Kyrie eleison’). Jesus, for his part, explicitly congratulates her on her great faith, and cures the daughter because of her faith – a cure which Matthew stresses was instantaneous

 

Reflection: Do you ever feel "put-off" or ignored by the Lord? This passage (Matthew 15:21) describes the only occasion in which Jesus ministered outside of Jewish territory. (Tyre and Sidon were fifty miles north of Israel and still exist today in modern Lebanon.) A Gentile woman, a foreigner who was not a member of the Jewish people, puts Jesus on the spot by pleading for his help. At first Jesus seemed to pay no attention to her, and this made his disciples feel embarrassed. Jesus does this to test the woman to awaken faith in her.

 

Jesus first tests the woman's faith

What did Jesus mean by the expression "throwing bread to the dogs"? The Jews often spoke of the Gentiles with arrogance and insolence as "unclean dogs" since the Gentiles did not follow God's law and were excluded from God's covenant and favor with the people of Israel. For the Greeks the "dog" was a symbol of dishonor and was used to describe a shameless and audacious woman. There is another reference to "dogs" in Matthew's Gospel where Jesus says to his disciples, "Do not give to dogs what is holy" (Matthew 7:6). Jesus tests this woman's faith to see if she is earnest in receiving holy things from the hand of a holy God. Jesus, no doubt, spoke with a smile rather than with an insult because this woman immediately responds with wit and faith - "even the dogs eat the crumbs".

Seek the Lord Jesus with expectant faith

Jesus praises a Gentile woman for her faith and for her love. She made the misery of her child her own and she was willing to suffer rebuff in order to obtain healing for her loved one. She also had indomitable persistence. Her faith grew in contact with the person of Jesus. She began with a request and she ended on her knees in worshipful prayer to the living God. No one who ever sought Jesus with earnest faith - whether Jew or Gentile - was refused his help. Do you seek the Lord Jesus with expectant faith?

The first Christian community, sprouted as a lush sapling from the stump of Israel, confronted this exclusivism. The Christians asked themselves: is salvation destined for all peoples, or is it reserved for the children of Abraham? There was disagreement, misunderstanding, bitter conflict, and it divided the Church (1 Cor 1:10-12; Gal 2:11-14). Some argued that the Gospel was to be announced only to the Israelites. To substantiate their argument, they referred to the behavior of Jesus during his public life. He had carried out his mission within the borders of Palestine. They also recalled his recommendation: "Do not visit pagan territories and do not enter a Samaritan town. Go instead to the lost sheep of the people of Israel” (Mt 10:5-6).

 

Others cultivated more open ideas. They were convinced that the Gospel was to be preached primarily to the Jews, the first recipients of salvation (Mt 22:1-6). But they were also convinced that the Gentiles were to be admitted to the banquet hall of the Kingdom of God (Mt 22:8-10). Israel was the ‘firstborn’ of the Lord (Sir36:11), but not ‘the only begotten’: God had always considered all nations to be his children (Jer 3:19). The order of the Risen Lord was unequivocal: "Go therefore and make disciples of all nations. Baptize them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit; and teach them to observe all that I have commanded you” (Mt 28:19-20).

 

Due to the short timeframe (maybe only three years) of his public life, Jesus had limited his mission "to the lost sheep of the house of Israel." However, he also gestured clearly that his salvation was for all peoples. The episode narrated in the Gospel today is one of the most significant and revealing in this regard.

 

One day a stranger comes to Jesus. She comes from the region of Tyre and Sidon and ‘continues to cry out’ (note the insistence of her prayer), begging for the healing of her daughter. The text calls her a ‘Canaanite,’ thus belonging to an enemy nation, a dangerous people that seduced Israel several times. It diverted Israel from the right faith and led her to worship Baal and Astarte.

The disciples of Jesus are Israelites educated in the most rigorous religious fundamentalism. They are surprised by the nerve of this intrusive pagan who dares to speak to their Master. They await his reaction: will he heed the current regulations that prohibit communication with strangers, or—as he often did—will he break the traditional mold?

 

The evangelist relates the dialogue between Jesus and the woman. He sounds almost delighted to emphasize the increasingly harsh tone of the Master’s responses. In the face of the woman's request for help, he takes a dismissive attitude: not worthy of a glance or even a word (v. 23). Then the apostles, a little annoyed, intervene. They want to solve the situation as soon as possible as it is likely to become embarrassing. They ask him to send her away. ‘Listen to her,’ says our text, but it is not a correct translation. ‘Send her away!’ is their request.

 

Jesus seems to follow their advice. He becomes more severe and says: "I was sent only to the lost sheep of the nation of Israel" (v. 24). The image of the flock in disarray frequently occurs in the Old Testament. "My sheep wander over the mountain and high hills, and when they are scattered throughout the land, no one bothers about them or looks for them” (Ezk 34:6), which is echoed by another prophet: "Like sheep we had all gone astray, each following his own way” (Is 53:6). There is also the promise of God: "I myself will care for my sheep and watch over them. I will search for the lost and lead back the strays. I will bind up the injured and strengthen the weak, but the fat and the strong will be eliminated. I will shepherd my flock with justice” (Ezk 34:11:16).

 

The Lord has only made commitments to the Israelites. He should be concerned only with them. Presenting himself as a shepherd of Israel, Jesus declares that he intends to fulfill the prophecies, and the woman understands. She knows that she is not of the chosen people. She is conscious of not belonging to the ‘flock of the Lord’ and not having any right to salvation. However, she relies on the goodwill and free intervention of God. Bowing down to Jesus, she begs: "Lord, help me!"

 

In response, she receives an insult: "It is not right to take the bread from the children and throw it to puppies” (v. 26). The Israelites are the sheep; the Gentiles are the dogs. The use of the diminutive mitigates, but not by much, the harshness of the offense. Throughout the ancient Middle East, ‘dog’ was the cruelest insult. It was the nickname with which the Jews called the pagans. A raw image is taken in various New Testament texts: "Do not give what is holy to the dogs or throw your pearls before pigs” (Mt 7:6). "Outside are the dogs!" (Rev 22:15). "Beware of dogs" (Phil 3:2). It was used to emphasize the absolute incompatibility between the pagan life and the evangelical choice.

 

On the lips of Jesus, this expression surprises us, especially if we consider that the Canaanite woman turned to him with great respect. Three times she called him ‘Lord’—the title with which Christians profess their faith in the Risen One—and once the ‘Son of David,’ which equates to recognizing him as the Messiah. It seems that, like all his countrymen, he also holds disgust for foreigners. But is it so? The conclusion of the story enlightens us. "Woman—says Jesus—how great is your faith.” It is praise that has never been addressed to an Israelite woman.

 

Now everything becomes clear. That which precedes—the provocation, the contempt for the pagans, the reference to their impurity and unworthiness—was but a clever posture. Jesus wanted his disciples to alter radically the way they dealt with foreigners. He ‘played the part’ of the integral and pure Israelite to show how ridiculous and senseless the separatist mentality cultivated by his people was. While the ‘flock of sheep’ kept themselves away from the shepherd who wanted to gather them (Mt 23:37), the ‘dogs’ approached him and obtained salvation because of their great faith.

 

The message is as timely as ever. The Church is called to be a sign that all discrimination related to gender, membership of a race, or a people or an institution are a thing of the past. Paul declares: “In Christ Jesus, all of you are sons and daughters of God through faith. All of you who were given to Christ through baptism, have put on Christ. Here there is no longer any difference between Jew or Greek, or between slave or freed, or between man and woman; but all of you are one in Christ Jesus. And because you belong to Christ, you are of Abraham’s race and you are to inherit God’s promise" (Gal 3:26-29).

 

The Canaanite woman—the pagan, the infidel—is singled out as a model of the true believer. She knows she does not deserve anything, believes that only by the Word of Christ can she freely arrive at salvation. She implores and receives it as a gift.

 

Lord Jesus, your love and mercy knows no bounds. May I trust you always and pursue you with indomitable persistence as this woman did. Increase my faith in your saving power and deliver me from all evil and harm.

 

Daily Quote from the Early Church Fathers: The Mother of the Gentiles, by Epiphanius the Latin (late 5th century)

"After our Lord departed from the Jews, he came into the regions of Tyre and Sidon. He left the Jews behind and came to the Gentiles. Those whom he had left behind remained in ruin; those to whom he came obtained salvation in their alienation. And a woman came out of that territory and cried, saying to him, 'Have pity on me, O Lord, Son of David!' O great mystery! The Lord came out from the Jews, and the woman came out from her Gentile territory. He left the Jews behind, and the woman left behind idolatry and an impious lifestyle. What they had lost, she found. The one whom they had denied in the law, she professed through her faith. This woman is the mother of the Gentiles, and she knew Christ through faith. Thus on behalf of her daughter (the Gentile people) she entreated the Lord. The daughter had been led astray by idolatry and sin and was severely possessed by a demon." (excerpt from INTERPRETATION OF THE GOSPELS 58)

 

IS YOUR CATHOLIC CHURCH CATHOLIC?

“My house shall be called a house of prayer for all peoples.”—Isaiah 56:7

Is your church filled with members who are young and old, black and white, male and female, poor and rich, U.S. citizens and internationals? 

Nevertheless, where are the men and the young? We need these members of the body of Christ (see 1 Cor 12:21ff).  

What can we do to be truly catholic?  Live a more austere life in solidarity with the poor. Challenge a man to follow Jesus. Be Catholic in the true sense of the word.

 

Prayer: Father, may I help make my church representative of the Body of Christ. “Woman, you have great faith! Your wish will come to pass.” —Mt 15:28. Praise the risen Jesus, the only Way to the Father! (Jn 14:6) Praise the risen Jesus, Who baptizes us in the Spirit! (Mk 1:8)

 

The personal action for today: What is my understanding of the Truth? Do I limit my concern for others by my misunderstanding the universal compassion and love of GOD? Am I able to be authentic to the Truth at the same time allow GOD to work in the lives of all people whom Jesus came to save? Is there some aspect of my dealing with others that I must change to reflect the attitude of the Master-Teacher Who came that all might have life? To whom might I reach out in a more understanding and compassionate way today? This week?

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